How to Become a Licensed Cosmetologist
Cosmetology licensing is state-regulated. While the process is similar across states, the specific hour requirements, exam administrators, and continuing education rules vary. You must meet the requirements of the state where you intend to work.
Step 1: Complete a State-Approved Program
You must graduate from a school or apprenticeship program approved by your state board. Hour requirements differ significantly by state:
| State | Cosmetology Hours |
|---|---|
| California | 1,000 hours |
| Texas | 1,000 hours |
| New York | 1,000 hours |
| Most states | 1,500 hours |
| Nebraska | 1,800 hours |
| Iowa | 1,550 hours |
Step 2: Pass the State Board Exam
Most states use the NIC (National-Interstate Council of State Boards of Cosmetology) exam, which has two parts:
Written (Theory) Exam
Multiple-choice questions covering all cosmetology subject areas:
- Scientific concepts (chemistry, electricity, anatomy)
- Skin, nail, and hair disorders
- Chemical services (color, perms, relaxers)
- Safety, sanitation, and infection control
- Business and state law
Practical (Skills) Exam
Performed on a live model or mannequin depending on your state. Evaluated on:
- Pre-service setup and sanitation
- Correct service technique and sequencing
- Client safety (bloodless field, chemical application)
- Post-service cleanup and implement storage
License Reciprocity (Endorsement)
If you move to another state, you may be able to transfer your license through reciprocity (also called endorsement). Requirements vary:
- Some states grant reciprocity if your training hours meet or exceed their minimum requirements.
- Some states require you to pass their state-specific written exam even if your original license is valid.
- A few states require additional training hours if your original program fell short of their requirement.
- There is no automatic national reciprocity; each state makes its own determination.
License Renewal and Continuing Education
Cosmetology licenses must be renewed periodically to remain active. Requirements:
- Renewal cycles: typically every 1-2 years depending on the state.
- Continuing education (CE): most states require a specific number of CE hours per renewal cycle. CE topics often include sanitation updates, chemical safety, and new techniques.
- Fees: renewal fees vary by state; late renewal may incur penalties.
- An expired license means you cannot legally perform services. Working with an expired license is a state board violation.